Which Math-hab Did Imam Muslim (Author of Saheeh Muslim) belong to: the Hanbalee Math-hab or the Shaafi'ee Math-hab?
Shaykh Muhammad 'Alee Aadam Al-Ityoobee
Source: Qurratu 'Ayn al-Muhtaaj (1/12-14)
translated for www.bakkah.net
[In the Name of Allaah, the Compassionate, the Most Merciful...]
Know that the people of these later times have made confusing statements about his math-hab (Imam Muslim's). They have made contradictory claims in this issue, some of them saying he was a Shaafi'ee, others claiming he was a Hanbalee, among other claims, just as they have differed over the math-hab of al-Bukhaaree, the other authors of the six books, among others.
This is all based upon what they have come to believe about the obligation of ascribing to one of the math-habs of the four imams - that this is upon everyone, even the greatest of the Hadeeth scholars. This is something that has been the source of tribulation for the Muslims in these later times, along with corrupt beliefs and deviations.
Verily the people had lived for a long time without being affected by this tribulation, when they would apply the statement of Allaah, the Exalted:
( So ask the people of remembrance (the scholars) when you do not know ) [1]
It was not known that any of them ever called themselves a "Bakree", or an "'Umaree", or an "'Uthmaanee", or an "'Alawee", or anything else, ascribing to Aboo Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthmaan, 'Alee, or the other major Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all. Likewise was the case of the taabi'oon, and this continued until the time after the advent of the four imams. It was then that the people began to ascribe to them, while those imams had warned the people not to make taqleed, blindly following them, except in times of necessity.
One of them (the advocates of taqleed) even said - and what a bad statement it was:
"And it is permissible to blindly follow other than the four, for someone in a time of need, and there is leniency in this."
And the author of "Maraaqee as-Su'ood" even said - and what a bad statement it was:
"And what is agreed upon today is the four, and following others is something that they all forbid."
To Allaah we belong, and to Him we shall all return; and there is no ability or power except through Him, and He is the One whose Assistance we seek against those who oppose the math-hab of the best of the Ummah.
This is something that is to be discussed elsewhere, so let us return to the subject at hand:
Know that Imam Muslim, may Allah have mercy on him, was a mujtahid imam who was focused on the texts (of the Book and the Sunnah). What the blind followers have been made to believe, that he was on a particular math-hab, is only the result of his position corresponding with that imam's position sometimes, a result of their agreement on the meanings of those evidences, or perhaps due to him learning that ruling from him, or from someone who learned it from him. If this is something that establishes blind following (taqleed), then we must conclude that ash-Shaafi'ee himself was a Maalikee, since he learned from him; and that Ahmad himself was a Shaafi'ee, since he learned from him, and so on. These people (the taqleed advocates) do not say this, rather they reject such a claim.
All of this (Imam Muslim being a blind follower of a particular math-hab) is disproved by the fact that he would oppose the imam (that people have said he made taqleed of) in other issues, and it is well known that the blind follower never opposes his imam.
And the truth of the matter is that he was upon the math-hab of Ahlul-Hadeeth, not a blind follower of anyone. He was like ash-Shaafi'ee, Ahmad, and the other jurists (fuqahaa') of the Hadeeth scholars.
Aboo 'Abdillaah al-Haakim, may Allaah the Most High have mercy on him, had done well when he listed him among the jurists of the scholars of Hadeeth. He then singled him out, writing a biography of him, like he did for the other imams, like az-Zuhree, al-Awzaa'ee, Ibn 'Uyaynah, Ibn al-Mubaarak, Yahyaa al-Qattaan, Ibn Mahdee, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn al-Madeenee, and others. Before thier biographies, he stated the meaning of having fiqh in hadeeth, saying in the 20th sub-chapter:
Knowledge of "fiqhul-hadeeth" - It is the very fruit of these sciences, and it is the basis of the Sharee'ah. The fiqh scholars of Islam, the people of analogy, opinion, deduction, debating, and researching, are well known in each and every era to the people of every land. And we will mention, with Allah's Will, at this occasion, fiqhul-hadeeth as taken from its people, to prove that the people of this science (Hadeeth), those who become highly proficient in it, are in no way ignorant of the fiqh of the narrations, since it is one of the varieties of this science (the science of Hadeeth). [2]
Al-'Allaamah al-Mubaarakfooree, may Allaah the Most High have mercy on him, said:
Just as al-Bukhaaree, may Allaah the Most High have mercy on him, was a follower of the Sunnah, someone who acted upon it, and a mujtahid who did not blindly follow one of the four imams or anyone else - so was Muslim, at-Tirmithee, an-Nasaa'ee, and Ibn Maajah. All of them were followers of the Sunnah, acting according to it, mujtahids, who did not blindly follow anyone. [3]
To summarize: Imam Muslim, may Allah the Most High have mercy on him, and the authors of the six books, and others, were the jurists (fuqahaa') of the Hadeeth scholars, acting by it (the Sunnah), calling to it, not giving any weight or importance to blindly following anyone, no matter who he was. They had no imam other than the Messenger of Allaah (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam), the one that, by way of him, Allaah guaranteed the creation's guidance, and their success lies in obeying him and following after his way. Allaah the Most High has said:
( And if you obey him, then you will be rightly guided ) [4]
And Allaah the Most High has said:
( And follow him so that you might be rightly guided ) [5]
And if their positions corresponded to the positions of some of the imams in some issues, then it is only due to some evidence that led them to that. Those who fall short in understanding the issue think this is due to taqleed, and thus they have labeled them with something that those far less than them in scholarship do not even deserve to be labeled with (taqleed).
And Allaah is the One whose Assistance is sought against those who oppose what is correct. And Allaah is most knowledgable about what is correct, and to Him is the return and the end result.
FOOTNOTES
[1] a translation of the meaning of Soorah al-Anbiyaa' (21):7
[2] Ma'rifatu 'Uloom al-Hadeeth (p.63-78)
[3] The introduction of Tuhfatul-Ahwathee (1/353)
[4] a translation of the meaning of Soorah an-Noor (24):54
[5] a translation of the meaning of Soorah al-A'raaf (7):158
TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
What was Imam Muslim's math-hab?
How would you refute someone who claims that all Muslims are required to make taqleed of one of the four imams?
How would you respond to someone who claims that Imam Muslim was a Hanbalee since he held the same position as Imam Ahmad in many issues?
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AWASI WAHHABI : GOLONGAN MUJASSIMAH MODEN
Perlu diketahui bahawa golongan yang paling banyak kesesatan pada hari ini adalah Mujassimah (Yang menyatakan Allah itu berjisim) dan Musyabbihah (Yang menyatakan Allah itu menyerupai makhluk). Golongan Wahhabi adalah mereka yang paling jelas menyamakankan Allah dengan makhluk. Dan ketahuilah bahawa Musyabbihah dan Mujassimah adalah KAFIR.
Oleh kerana golongan sesat ini menyebarkan aqidah sesat mereka kepada orang awam termasuk anak-anak orang islam.
Maka wajiblah kepada kita orang islam yang beraqidah Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah tidak senyap dari mengawasi golongan sesat ini.
Diceritakan bahawa tokey Wahhabi bernama Abdullah bin Hasan cucu kepada Muhammad Bin Abdul Wahhab banyak menyuarakan aqidah sesatnya di Makkah sejak sebelum 70 tahun lalu dengan mengatakan dalam keadaan dia turun dari tangga, katanya :
“ Allahu Yanzil Kanuzuli Haza ” kata-kata kufur yang bermaksud : “ Allah turun seprtimana aku turun ini ”.
Kenyataan tersebut telah didengar oleh ramai para ulama termasuk Syeikh Ali Bin Abdul Rahman As-Somaly yang tinggal dan mengajar di Makkah.
Maka tidak harus bagi kita umat islam senyap membisu tidak mengawasi orang islam dari ajaran sesat Wahhabi ini. Adakah mengingkari kemungkaran dianggap memecahbelahkan umat islam? Tidak sama sekali!. Mengkafirkan orang yang amat jelas kekafirannya bukanlah memecahbelahkan saf orang islam, bahkan ianya merupakan penjelasan kebenaran kerana bagaimana kita orang islam berkesedudukan dengan ajaran sesat Wahhabi yang mengkafirkan kita umat islam dan menghalalkan darah seluruh umat islam?!.
PRINSIP WAHHABI
Golongan Wahhabi menganggap sesiapa yang tidak menuruti aqidah mereka yang menjisimkan Allah dan menyamakan Allah dengan makhlukNya maka orang itu dikira kafir dan halal darahnya. Lihat sahaja prinsip utama Wahhabi tesebut seperti yang tertera dalam kitab utama mereka mengatakan :
“ Bunuhlah ahli sufi yang soleh sebelum kamu membunuh yahudi dan majusi ”.
Diantara Wahhabi yang menjelaskan prinsip utama wahhabi adalah “Sesiapa yang tidak mengatakan Allah Duduk dan tidak menuruti aqidah mereka yang menjisimkan Allah dan menyamakan Allah dengan makhlukNya maka orang itu dikira kafir dan halal darahnya ” yang menyatakan prinsip Wahhabi adalah sedemikian seorang ulama Wahhabi bernama Ali bin Muhammad bin Sinan seorang pengajar salah sebuah universiti di Madinah dan pengarang kitab Almajmuk Almufid Min Aqidah At-tauhid.
ULAMA MAZHAB HAMBALI MENJELASKAN PERIHAL WAHHABI
Mufti Mekah bernama Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Hamid Al-Hambali An-Najdi menyatakan didalam kitabnya berjudul As-Suhubul Wabilah ‘Ala Dhoroih Al-Hanabilah,
Dalam kitab tersebut Mufti Mekkah tersebut menjelaskan latar belakang 800 orang para fuqoho’ dari mazhab Hambali. Diantara yang diceritakan oleh Mufti mengenai seorang alim mazhab Hambali bernama Abdul Wahhab Bin Sulaiman yang merupakan bapa kepada seorang pengasas ajaran sesat Wahhabi bernama Muhammad Bin Abdul Wahhab.
Mufti menceritakan bahawa bapa Muhammad Bin Abdul Wahhab tidak meredhoi anaknya itu kerana pengasas Wahhabi itu mengkafirkan sesiapa sahaja yang tidak sependapat dengannya bahkan pengasas Wahhabi tersebut menghalal pembunuhan umat islam yang tidak mengikutnya. Sila lihat pada kita tersebut dimukasurat 276 cetakan pertama di Riyadh.
WAHHABI MEMBUNUH 3000 UMAT ISLAM DI JORDAN
Telah berlaku satu peristiwa yang amat menyayathati umat islam pada 1920an iaitu pembunuhan Wahhabi terhadap umat islam di Timur Jordan. Disitu Wahhabi telah membunuh bukan 3 orang tetapi 3000 orang islam yang tidak mengikut mereka dengan menyembelih umat islam seperti kambing dalam pada penyembelihan itu Wahhabi mengatakan: “Ayuh kita bunuh kafir ini kerana tak ikut kita!”.
Kisah pembunuhan Wahhabi terhadap 3000 umat islam di Timur Jordan ini tertera dikebanyakan perpustakaan di Jordan.
WAHHABI : MUJASSIMAH
(Mujassimah Adalah Golongan Kafir Disisi Seluruh Ulama Islam)
Wahhabi adalah kaum Mujassimah yang menjisimkan Allah. Mujassimah adalah kafir kerana Imam Syafie rodhiyallahu ‘anhu menyatakan :
“ Al-Mujassim Kafir ” kata-kata Imam Syafie itu bermaksud : “ Mujassim (Yang mengatakan Allah itu jisim seperti Wahhabi) adalah kafir ”.
Kenyataan Imam Syafie yang mengkafirkan Mujassimah tersebut diriwayatkan oleh Imam Suyuti dalam kitabnya Al-Asbah Wa An-Nazoir mukasurat 488 cetakan Darul Kutub Ilmiah.
Mari kita lihat kenyataan Imam Ahmad Bin Hambal dan para ulama mazhab Hambali yang mempersetujui kenyataan Imam Ahmad mengatakan :
“ Man Qola Allahu Jismun Faqod Kafar Wakaza Man Qola Allahu Jismun La Kal Ajsam ” kenyataan Imam Ahmad bermaksud : “ Sesiapa yang mengatakan Allah berjisim maka dia telah kafir, begitu juga kafirlah yang mengatakan Allah itu berjisim tapi tak serupa dengan jisim-jisim ”.Lihat Sohibul Khisol diantara ulama mazhab Hambali yang masyhur.
Seorang ulama mazhab Hambali terkenal bernama Muhammad Bin Badruddin Bin Balban Ad-Dimasyqi Al-Hambali dalam kitabnya berjudul Muktasor Al-Ifadat mukasurat 490 menyatakan :
“ Allah tidak menyerupai sesuatu dan sesuatupun tidak menyerupai Allah, sesiapa menyamakan Allah dengan sesuatu maka dia KAFIR seperti mereka yang menyatakan Allah itu berjisim, begitu jugak kafir yang menyatakan Allah itu berjisim tapi tak seperti jisim-jisim ”.
Begitu juga Imam Malik dan Imam Abu Hanifah jelas mengkafirkan golongan Mujassimah.
Mari kita lihat apa yang telah dinukilkan oleh Ibnu Hajar Al-Haitamidalam kitabnya berjudul Al-Minhaj Al-Qowim Syarh Muqaddimah Al-Hadhromiyah :
“ Ketahuilah bahawa Al-Qorrofi dan selainnya telah menukilkan dari Imam Syafie, Imam Malik, Imam Ahmad dan Imam Abu Hanifah rodhiyallahu ‘anhum bahawa mereka semua mengkafirkan mujassimah ”.
WAHHABI MENYEMBAH JISIM YANG BERBETIS
Wahhabi adalah golongan yang amat malang. Ulama islam mengharap sangat sekiranya golongan Wahhabi ini diberikan pemahaman ayat Allah “Laisa Kamithilihi Syai” dalam surah As-Syura ayat 11 yang bermaksud “ Tiada sesuatupu menyerupaiNya”.
Puluhan ulama Wahhabi menyebarkan perkara kufur dengan mengatakan :
“ Allah meletakkan kakiNya yang berbetis kedalam api neraka kemudian mengatakan ada lagi ke? ”.
Lihatlah betapa sesatnya mereka!
WAHHABI MENGATAKAN : NABI MUHAMMAD ADALAH PATUNG BERHALA
Tidak cukup bagi Wahhabi mengkafirkan umat islam dan menghalalkan darah orang islam yang tidak mengikut mereka. Wahhabi sejak 8 tahun dimusim haji menyatakan prinsip mereka adalah ¾ orang islam sekarang adalah kafir dan halal darah mereka.Wahhabi juga mengatakan :
“ Kami menjual tasbih ( yang dianggap bid’ah sesat oleh Wahhabi) hanya kepada orang musyrik di tanah haram ini ”.
Seorang ulama Wahhabi bernama Abu Bakar Al-Jajairy menyatakan dalam Masjid Nabawi di Madinah pada tahun 1993M dengan katanya :
“Aku bersumpah bahawa islam tidak akan bangkit selagi patung berhala ini (sonam) tidak dikeluarkan dari masjid ini”
sambil tangannya mengarah kepada maqam Nabi Muhammad.
Apakah dosa Nabi Muhammad kepada ulama Wahhabi ini sehingga Wahhabi menamakan Nabi Muhammad itu sebagai berhala?!.
PENUTUP UNTUK KALI INI
Sesetengah orang menganggap bahawa perbuatan menjelaskan kesesatan dan kekafiran Wahhabi ini adalah suatu yang memecahbelah saf umat islam.
Saudara islam sekalian, ketahuilah! Sekiranya anda memahami betapa bahaya lagi sesatnya ajaran Wahhabi ini maka anda akan lebih sensitif kerana kejahatan dan kesesatan Wahhabi ini amat bahaya.
Kepada yang mengatakan :bagaimana kita menyesatkan orng yang mengucap dua kalimah syahadah?!
Ketahuilah! Walaupun seseorang itu mengucap dua kalimah syahadah tapi aqidahnya masih kafir lagi sesat dan dia tidak mengenal Tuhannya dengan mengatakan :
“Allah itu berjisim” maka dia bukan islam.
Imam Abu Hasan Al-Asya’ry menyatakan dalam kitabnya berjudul An-Nawadir :
“ Al-Mujassim Jahil Birobbihi Fahuwa Kafirun Birobbihi”
kenyataan Imam Abu Hasan Al-Asy’ary tersebut bermaksud :
“ Mujassim ( yang mengatakan Allah itu berjisim) adalah jahil mengenai Tuhannya, maka dia dikira kafir dengan Tuhannya ”.
Ibn Al-Mu’allim Al-Qurasyi (wafat 725) dalam kitab Najmul Muhtadi menukilkan dari Al-Qodi Husain bahawa Imam Syafie menyatakan :
“ Sesiapa beranggapan Allah duduk diatas arasy maka dia KAFIR ”.
Mari kita lihat pandangan ulama Hanafi. Syeikh Kamal Bin Al-Humam Al-Hanafi menyatakan dalam kitab mazhab Hanafi berjudul Fathul Qadir juzuk 1 mukasurat 403 pada Bab Al-Imamah :
“ Sesiapa yang mengatakan Allah itu jisim ataupun Allah itu jisim tapi tak serupa dengan jisim-jisim maka dia telah KAFIR ( ini kerana jisim bukanlah sifat Allah )”.
Maka Wahhabi adalah Mujassimah yang beranggapan bahawa Allah itu jisim duduk diatas arasy.
Tidak harus bagi kita senyap dari mempertahankan aqidah islam dan menjelaskan kesesatan ajaran sesat!.
Kepada mereka yg merasa diri tu Wahhabi tapi tak iqtiqod dengan aqidah2 kufur maka tak usah menyebok mempertahankan aqidah sesat Wahhabi.
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